Considerations For IRB Review: Artificial Intelligence And Machine Learning

By Julie Ozier, Senior Vice President, IRB Review

While artificial intelligence and machine learning are not new concepts in science, in the last decade the clinical research community has seen tremendous growth in these areas. Researchers are developing new applications at a rapid pace, and while it is exciting, it is also maybe a bit scary at the same time.

But what do “artificial intelligence” and “machine learning” really mean?

• Artificial intelligence (AI): A feature where machines learn to perform tasks, rather than simply carrying out computations that are input by human users. (NIH)
• Machine learning: An approach to AI in which a computer algorithm is developed to analyze and make predictions from data that is fed into the system. (NIH)
• Algorithm: An overarching term describing any processes or set of rules to be followed in calculations or other problem-solving operations. An algorithm takes some input and uses mathematics and logic to produce the output. Broadly, it refers to a step-by-step procedure for solving a problem. (Merriam-Webster)

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